What statute provides the basis for supplemental jurisdiction?

The correct answer is based on the specific provisions outlined in 28 U.S.C. § 1367, which establishes the principles of supplemental jurisdiction in federal courts. This statute allows a federal court to assert jurisdiction over additional claims that are related to the claims that fall within the court's original jurisdiction. Essentially, it permits a federal court to hear cases that do not independently meet the requirements for federal jurisdiction but are closely connected to an underlying case that does.

Under § 1367, the statute grants courts the authority to entertain claims that share a common nucleus of operative fact with the original claim. This is particularly important in ensuring that parties can resolve all related issues in a single judicial proceeding, thereby promoting judicial efficiency and reducing the potential for inconsistent verdicts.

Furthermore, supplemental jurisdiction is subject to certain limitations and exceptions, such as when the additional claims are brought against parties who were not originally part of the suit or when the claims arise under state law and would not be independently within the court's jurisdiction.

In summary, 28 U.S.C. § 1367 is the primary statute governing supplemental jurisdiction, making it essential for understanding how federal courts can effectively manage related claims that do not independently meet jurisdictional requirements.