Under which statute is the concept of supplemental jurisdiction established?

The concept of supplemental jurisdiction is established under 28 U.S.C. § 1367. This statute provides federal courts with the ability to hear claims that are related to the original claims—specifically, those that form part of the same case or controversy under Article III of the Constitution. It allows for the inclusion of additional claims that may not independently qualify for federal jurisdiction but are so related to the original jurisdictional claims that they form a single case.

The statute outlines the conditions under which supplemental jurisdiction is available, including the discretion of the court to decline jurisdiction in certain circumstances, such as if the supplemental claim raises a novel or complex issue of state law or if the claims are predominantly based on state law and there are no remaining federal claims.

Understanding this statute is vital for practitioners as it governs how and when federal courts can hear additional claims that arise in conjunction with those already before them, thereby promoting judicial efficiency and consistency in resolving related legal issues. The other choices listed do not pertain to supplemental jurisdiction and focus on other aspects of federal jurisdiction or specific procedures unrelated to the establishment of supplemental jurisdiction.