In federal court, when can a plaintiff be compelled to bring certain claims?

The option indicating that a plaintiff can be compelled to bring certain claims when they arise out of the same transaction or occurrence aligns with the principles of compulsory joinder under Rule 13 of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure. This rule requires that certain claims, specifically those that are counterclaims to a plaintiff's claim, must be brought in the same action if they stem from the same transaction or occurrence and the defendant does not waive the right to raise them.

This principle is vital to ensure judicial efficiency and prevent the fragmentation of litigation. By requiring related claims to be litigated together, courts can avoid inconsistent judgments and address all aspects of a dispute in a single proceeding. Hence, when claims are closely linked through their origins in the same set of facts or events, they are considered compulsory, and plaintiffs are obligated to include them in their initial filings.

The other options do not accurately reflect the legal rationale for compelling claims. For instance, a defendant cannot unilaterally compel a plaintiff to bring claims solely at their request, nor can a plaintiff's obligation hinge solely on the timing of a counterclaim. Additionally, the involvement of a financial interest does not inherently mandate the inclusion of claims; rather, it is the connection of the claims through their transactional context that