Can a court decline supplemental jurisdiction?

Supplemental jurisdiction allows a federal court to hear additional claims that are closely related to a case originally brought before it. However, a court does have the discretion to decline supplemental jurisdiction under specific circumstances.

For example, if the additional claims substantially predominate over the claims for which the court has original jurisdiction, or if the court has dismissed all claims over which it has original jurisdiction, the court may choose to decline jurisdiction. Furthermore, if there are compelling reasons to decline jurisdiction, such as when the state law issues are complex or if the case has been brought in a forum that would not have addressed these issues, the court may exercise its discretion to avoid hearing the supplementary claims.

The other options do not accurately reflect the discretionary nature of supplemental jurisdiction, particularly the option that suggests it is mandatory for all courts, which overlooks the court's ability to make choices based on case specifics.